Laptops are great--you can take them anywhere and work for hours untethered to a plug, well, at least for the first few months. Then, it seems, the battery does not last as long until you really don't have any battery life at all. This can happen within the first year.
Why is this?
All rechargeable batteries lose some of their capacity over time. I can run my cordless drill for what seems like hours, drilling holes and sinking screws. When it runs down, I switch out the battery and put the old one in the charger. I have never run the recharging capability out of these batteries, though I'm sure it's possible. So why do laptop batteries run down and out so fast?
How you use and charge your battery can have a lot to do with how long your battery lasts. My cordless drill charger shuts off when the battery is charged up so there is never a chance the battery will get over-charged but the heat produced by the charger by being plugged in can reduce the life of the battery. Keeping your laptop plugged in twenty-four hours a day produces heat which will reduce the life of the battery.
Use it or lose it, is the rule of thumb with laptop batteries. Use your battery daily, even to the point of running it down (at least once a month). Plug in only when you need to. Do not leave your laptop on when not in use. It is also advisable to unplug when not using your laptop. (Note: Li-Ion batteries should never be run completely out but the automatic shut-off will keep this from happening).
If you don't use your laptop for stretches of time, it is advisable to run the battery down to 40%, take the battery out and store it in a cool dry place. Some also advise that if you are going to be plugged in for extended periods of time, remove the battery.
To get more hours out of a charge, reduce the brightness of your screen and shut off any peripherals or WiFi if not in use.
Do not leave your laptop anywhere hot like the back seat or trunk of the car on a summer or sunny day. Heat is the real killer of rechargeable batteries.
Laptops come with their own meter to let you know how much charge in left in your batter. Based on this meter, your laptop will warn you, then turn itself off when it thinks the battery is drained. However, this built in meter may not be giving you an accurate reading. You can download a free meter to check the accuracy of your built in meter.
To download a free meter:
http://download.cnet.com/BatteryBar/3000-2094_4-10866804.html
You can also re-calibrate your laptop's meter. Check your laptop instructions or search online for instructions on re-calibrating the meter for you particular laptop.